There are a number of dangers associated with giving too much oxygen, with severe eye damage -- even blindness -- being the main one, but also includes both lung and brain damage. Too little oxygen, can also be dangerous and can cause problems, most significantly death.

According to experts finding the right concentration of oxygen is not easy and the problem is trying to find the right balance, which is difficult. Researchers reported after examining 2 large studies, one that included infants from Australia and the United Kingdom and the other the US, that oxygen concentrations levels of 85% to 89% resulted in a higher number of preterm infant deaths compared with concentrations of 91% to 95%. Dr. Eduardo H. Bancalari, director of the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine's Division of Neonatology, said that his neonatal unit never went to the low end of oxygen concentrations, but rather uses a range of 88 percent to 93 percent.

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